NOAA NEXRAD Level II

# Standard-ish imports
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import warnings
import urllib.request
import tempfile
import os
import requests
import shutil

# Less standard, but still pip- or conda-installable
import sqlite3
import geopy.distance

# pip install progressbar2, not progressbar
import progressbar

# Suppress some warnings generated within pyart
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore',category=DeprecationWarning)
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore',category=FutureWarning)
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore',category=UserWarning)
import pyart

%matplotlib inline

# URL of our index file
index_db_url = 'https://nexradsa.blob.core.windows.net/nexrad-index/NEXRAD_sqllite.db'

# Temporary folder for data we need during execution of this notebook (we'll clean up
# at the end, we promise)
temp_dir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(),'nexrad')
os.makedirs(temp_dir,exist_ok=True)

# Local copy of the index file
index_db_file_name = os.path.join(temp_dir,'NEXRAD_sqllite.db')

class DownloadProgressBar():
    """
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37748105/how-to-use-progressbar-module-with-urlretrieve
    """
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.pbar = None

    def __call__(self, block_num, block_size, total_size):
        if not self.pbar:
            self.pbar = progressbar.ProgressBar(max_value=total_size)
            self.pbar.start()
            
        downloaded = block_num * block_size
        if downloaded < total_size:
            self.pbar.update(downloaded)
        else:
            self.pbar.finish()
            

def download_url(url, destination_filename=None, progress_updater=None, force_download=False):
    """
    Download a URL to a temporary file
    """
    
    # This is not intended to guarantee uniqueness, we just know it happens to guarantee
    # uniqueness for this application.
    if destination_filename is None:
        url_as_filename = url.replace('://', '_').replace('.', '_').replace('/', '_')
        destination_filename = \
            os.path.join(temp_dir,url_as_filename)
    if (not force_download) and (os.path.isfile(destination_filename)):
        print('Bypassing download of already-downloaded file {}'.format(os.path.basename(url)))
        return destination_filename
    print('Downloading file {}'.format(os.path.basename(url)),end='')
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, destination_filename, progress_updater)  
    assert(os.path.isfile(destination_filename))
    nBytes = os.path.getsize(destination_filename)
    print('...done, {} bytes.'.format(nBytes))
    return destination_filename
    

def download_index_db():
    """
    We have created an index (as SQLite db file) that tracks all records added to our NEXRAD 
    archive; this function will download that index (~40GB) to a local temporary file, if it
    hasn't already been downloaded.  This is a much more sensible thing to do inside the East
    US data center than outside!
    """
    
    if os.path.isfile(index_db_file_name):
        print('Index file {} exists, bypassing download'.format(os.path.basename(index_db_file_name)))
        return        
    else:
        download_url(index_db_url, index_db_file_name, DownloadProgressBar())


def distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
    """
    Compute the distance in meters between two lat/lon coordinate pairs
    """
    
    return geopy.distance.distance((lat1, lon1), (lat2, lon2)).m


def get_closest_coordinate(coordinate_list, lat, lon):
    """
    Find the closest point in a list of lat/lon pairs, used here to find the closest radar
    station to a given lat/lon pair.
    """
    
    return min(coordinate_list, key=lambda p: distance(lat, lon, p['lat'], p['lon']))


def get_records(sql):
    """
    Execute a SQL query on the index database; returns matching rows.
    """
    
    download_index_db()
    conn = sqlite3.connect(index_db_file_name)
    
    with conn:
        cursor = conn.execute(sql)
        rows = cursor.fetchall()
        return rows
    

def get_scans_for_nearest_station(lat, lon, start_date, end_date):
    """
    Find all records in a given date range from the station closest to the 
    specified lat/lon pair.
    """
    
    # ICAO is the for-letter code for the station, e.g. "KTLX"
    sql = 'SELECT lat, lon, ICAO, name FROM station_latlon'
    records = get_records(sql)

    coordinate_list = []
    for row in records:
        coordinate_list.append({'lat': row[0], 'lon': row[1],
                                'icao': row[2], 'name': row[3]})
    
    # Find the coordinates of the station closest to the given latitude and longitude
    print('Searching for the nearest station to {},{}'.format(lat,lon))
    closest_coordinate  = get_closest_coordinate(coordinate_list, lat, lon)
    
    print('Nearest station ({}, {}) found at {},{}'.format(
        closest_coordinate['icao'], closest_coordinate['name'],
        closest_coordinate['lat'], closest_coordinate['lon']))
    
    # Get scans for the nearest station for a given date range
    sql = '''SELECT * FROM station_index a INNER JOIN \
            station_latlon b ON a.name = b.ICAO \
            and (b.lat = {} and b.lon = {} and \
            date(a.date_time) >= '{}' \
            and date(a.date_time) <= '{}')'''.format(closest_coordinate['lat'], 
                                                     closest_coordinate['lon'], 
                                                     start_date, end_date)

    files_info = get_records(sql)
    return files_info


def display_scan(filename):
    """
    Use PyART to plot a NEXRAD scan stored in [filename].
    """
    
    radar = pyart.io.read_nexrad_archive(filename)
    display = pyart.graph.RadarDisplay(radar)
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot()
    display.plot('reflectivity', 0, title='Reflectivity', ax=ax)
    plt.show()

year = '2020'; month = '09'; day = '02'; station = 'KMXX'; time = '011116';
filename = station + year + month + day + '_' + time + '_V06.ar2v'
url = 'https://nexradsa.blob.core.windows.net/nexrad-l2/' + year + '/' + month + '/' + day + \
   '/' + station + '/' + filename
filename = download_url(url)
display_scan(filename)

start_date = '2020-08-02'; end_date = '2020-08-15'
    
# Coordinates near Redmond, WA
lat = 47.6740; lon = -122.1215

# Find all files from the nearest station in the given date range
#
# The first time you call this function, it will download the ~40GB index file.
scan_files = get_scans_for_nearest_station(lat, lon, start_date, end_date)

# MDM files are not actually scans
scan_files = [s for s in scan_files if 'MDM' not in s[6]]

print('Found {} files near station: {}'.format(len(scan_files),scan_files[0][1]))

# Download the first scan
year = str(scan_files[0][2]); month = str(scan_files[0][3]); day = str(scan_files[0][4]); 
station = scan_files[0][1]; filename = scan_files[0][6]
url = 'https://nexradsa.blob.core.windows.net/nexrad-l2/' + year.zfill(2) + '/' + \
month.zfill(2) + '/' + day.zfill(2) + \
   '/' + station + '/' + filename
filename = download_url(url)
display_scan(filename)

shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)