{"id":5382,"date":"2020-09-09T12:51:40","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T19:51:40","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-10-09T11:01:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T18:01:56","slug":"microsoft-copenhagen-university-researchers-create-new-quantum-device","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/2020\/09\/09\/microsoft-copenhagen-university-researchers-create-new-quantum-device\/","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft and Copenhagen University researchers create a new kind of quantum device"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-020-1017-3\">paper published this week in Nature Physics<\/a>, a team of researchers from Microsoft and Copenhagen University demonstrated a novel heterostructure with remarkable properties. A heterostructure is, roughly, a device formed out of a sandwich between different solid materials. When the interfaces between the different materials are clean, the device can have properties that would be difficult, if not impossible to obtain in any single material. But when the interfaces contain impurities, the device may capture the worst, rather than the best properties, of <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0materials<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0compris<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0it<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The device described in the new Microsoft-Copenhagen\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">University\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">paper is a heterostructure between a semiconductor, a superconductor, and a ferromagnet. The three materials and the interfaces between them were fabricated within an ultra-high-vacuum molecular beam epitaxy\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(MBE)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">machine<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">made possible by<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the compatibility between the growth and fabrication conditions<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> for the three materials<i>\u2014<\/i><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">europium sulfide (ferromagnet), aluminum (superconductor), and indium arsenide (semiconductor)<i>\u2014<\/i><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">leading to<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">extremely flat and clean interfaces<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The authors showed that the device has gate-tunable superconductivity\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0ferromagnetism induced in and coexisting in the semiconductor. These two phenomena, ordinarily antithetical, are able to peacefully coexist due to a property of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">indium arsenide<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0called spin-orbit coupling.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In fact, when such coexistence occurs in a quantum wire device<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0of the ty<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pe fabricated and measured by the Microsoft-Copenhagen University team<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Majorana zero modes can result<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0enabling such a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">wire to be an integral component of\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a topological quantum computer.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The new Nature physics paper\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">shows data that is consistent with the presence of Majorana zero modes in<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0their devices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">P<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">revious devices<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0without a ferromagnetic layer have exhibited similar signatures upon the application of a large magnetic field<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, in a direction aligned with the wire<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">But such a large field\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">brings problems of its own, including the need to align\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">all of the wires\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in a topological quantum computer to fairly high accuracy,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0as well as the field\u2019s possible effect on other components higher in the stack<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0devices created by the Microsoft-Copenhagen University team<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the magnetic moment\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">due to the ferromagnetic layer is highly localized and automatically aligned with a preferred crystal axis.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Microsoft\u2019s Quantum program has made a big bet that new methods for the design, fabrication, and measurement of these types of novel heterostructures will be essential if we are to build a commercial-scale quantum computer.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">While\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">some<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0might argue<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">tools invented for classical devices will be sufficient to\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">produce quantum devices, Microsoft and Copenhagen University have already shown in previous work<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0that\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">long-envisioned, but never <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">previously realized,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0combinations of superconducting and semiconducting elements\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">could be\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">grown<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and fabricated\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">via MBE and probed by quantum transport<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, overturning conventional wisdom about what is possible<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Thus, this work,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0intrinsic interest as a new device type with\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">unique mix of features<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0and<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0is also a significant step towards the creation of simpler topological quantum computing systems. It is also another example of how Microsoft and its partners, such as Copenhagen University, are\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reinventing<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0the science and engineering of quantum devices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a paper published this week in Nature Physics, a team of researchers from Microsoft and Copenhagen University demonstrated a novel heterostructure with remarkable properties. A heterostructure is, roughly, a device formed out of a sandwich between different solid materials.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5562,"featured_media":13618,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"msxcm_post_with_no_image":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","_classifai_text_to_speech_error":"","footnotes":""},"post_tag":[],"product":[],"content-type":[1322],"coauthors":[1008],"class_list":["post-5382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","content-type-partnerships","review-flag-micro-1680215159-855","review-flag-never-1593580312-530","review-flag-new-1593580245-904"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Microsoft and Copenhagen University researchers create a new kind of quantum device<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In a new 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