{"id":2308,"date":"2018-12-04T16:00:26","date_gmt":"2018-12-05T00:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/?p=2308"},"modified":"2024-12-23T10:00:35","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T18:00:35","slug":"simulating-nature-with-the-new-microsoft-quantum-development-kit-chemistry-library","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/2018\/12\/04\/simulating-nature-with-the-new-microsoft-quantum-development-kit-chemistry-library\/","title":{"rendered":"Simulating nature with the new Microsoft Quantum Development Kit chemistry library"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Quantum computers have the potential to solve the world\u2019s hardest computational problems and alter the economic, industrial, academic, and societal landscape. In just hours or days, a quantum computer can solve complex problems that would otherwise take billions of years to solve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To unlock these potential applications, the Microsoft Quantum Development Kit includes a new chemistry library that allows chemists to simulate molecular interactions and explore quantum algorithms for real-world applications in the chemistry domain. Features included in the library are state-of-the-art Q# implementations of methods for Hamiltonian simulation \u2013 including Trotterization and Qubitization techniques \u2013 state preparation techniques, and samples to help chemists to get started quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the 100-year-old <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haber_process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haber-Bosch process<\/a>, a key industrial process to create artificial fertilizers, might be improved using computational chemistry methods that are enhanced by quantum computing. That could improve the catalytic process for creating ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen, a process that currently requires high temperatures, high pressures, and carefully selected catalysts. This process is so heat- and pressure-intensive that it consumes upwards of two percent of the world\u2019s natural energy sources. Using quantum algorithms such as those supported by the Microsoft Quantum chemistry library, scientists can learn from nature\u2019s natural process of nitrogen fixation how to achieve this task at lower pressures and temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"microsoft-quantum-pacific-northwest-laboratory-collaboration\">Microsoft Quantum &amp; Pacific Northwest Laboratory collaboration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Microsoft Quantum Development Kit chemistry library was developed in collaboration with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnnl.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Northwest National Laboratory<\/a> (PNNL), a leader in both chemistry and data analytics. The chemistry library \u2013 working with PNNL\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nwchem-sw.org\/index.php\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NWChem<\/a>, an open-source, high-performance computational chemistry tool developed by the U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s Office of Science \u2013 enables quantum solutions to solve computationally complex chemistry problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote blockquote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote blockquote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cQuantum computing has the potential to help us answer our questions much, much faster with much higher accuracy.\u201d&nbsp; Wendy Shaw, Director, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tackling-hard-computational-chemistry-problems-using-the-quantum-chemistry-library\">Tackling hard computational chemistry problems using the quantum chemistry library<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11.5pt;font-family: 'Segoe UI',sans-serif;color: #41424e\">To get started in quantum chemistry simulations, the chemistry library offers features such as: <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>State-of-the-art Hamiltonian simulation methods<em>: <\/em><\/strong>Two main methods are supported, Trotterization and Qubitization.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1406.4920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trotterization<\/a> uses the fact that fast alternation of time-slices converges to the given Hamiltonian. This typically leads to quantum circuits that implement the time evolution with a low number of qubits by cycling through all terms that are present in the given Hamiltonian in a sequential way and in a prescribed order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1610.06546\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qubitization<\/a> is a technique that allows to perform an estimation of energies by way of implementing a linear combination of operators. This typically has a slightly higher cost in terms of qubits compared to Trotterization but can lead to substantially lower circuit size and circuit depth, depending on the chemistry problem at hand. A crucial part of Qubitization quantum algorithms are state-preparation techniques, which are provided as part of this release.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Estimation of ground and excited state energies<\/strong>. The chemistry library enables the estimates of ground state and excited state energies as a function of bond distance. Many real-world chemistry problems involve not only estimates of ground state energies but also the understanding of the dynamics of the various transitions between excited states and a characterization of their energy levels. This type of problems can be studied with the new chemistry library as well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11.5pt;font-family: 'Segoe UI',sans-serif;color: #41424e\">As an example, the figure below shows the results of one of the samples that uses the data from NWChem. It graphically shows the equilibrium bonding distance of Lithium Hydride for various distances and energy levels.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-2338\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2.webp\" alt=\"a screenshot of a cell phone\" class=\"wp-image-2338 webp-format\" srcset=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2.webp 583w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2-300x295.webp 300w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2-254x250.webp 254w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2-330x324.webp 330w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2-400x393.webp 400w\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2.png\" data-orig-srcset=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2.png 583w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2-300x295.png 300w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2-254x250.png 254w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2-330x324.png 330w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/LiH-Simulation_2-400x393.png 400w\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Estimating the ground and excited state energies for equilibrium bonding distance of Lithium Hydride, an inorganic compound with chemical formula LiH.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Automatic resource estimation<\/strong>. The Trace simulator that is part of the Quantum Development Kit allows chemists to estimate important metrics about quantum algorithms, such as the number of qubits, the total gate count for various types of primitive gates, and the total circuit depth. Shown below is the output of the GetGateCount sample that is shipped with the library and which computes a variety of useful metrics for various molecular benchmarks that are provided as part of the library.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-2347 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-1024x340.webp\" alt=\"Resource estimates of quantum algorithms simulating various molecules, obtained using the Quantum Development Kit Tracer resource estimator.\" class=\"wp-image-2347 webp-format\" srcset=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5.webp 1400w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-300x100.webp 300w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-1024x340.webp 1024w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-768x255.webp 768w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-330x110.webp 330w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-800x266.webp 800w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-400x133.webp 400w\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5.png\" data-orig-srcset=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5.png 1400w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-1024x340.png 1024w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-768x255.png 768w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-330x110.png 330w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-800x266.png 800w, https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/quantum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Resource-estimations_5-400x133.png 400w\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Resource estimates of quantum algorithms simulating various molecules, obtained using the Quantum Development Kit Tracer resource estimator.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Interface to powerful chemistry modeling tools<em>.<\/em><\/strong> The release introduces an open source YAML-based schema called Broombridge (in reference to a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broom_Bridge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">landmark<\/a> celebrated as a birthplace of Hamiltonians), to make it easy for a chemist to input real-world chemistry models into Q#. Broombridge is a structured, extensible, and human-readable and human-editable way of representing electronic structure problems.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/quantum\/user-guide\/libraries\/chemistry\/schema\/broombridge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more about the schema. <\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Samples<em>:<\/em><\/strong> The chemistry library contains <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Microsoft\/Quantum\/tree\/release\/v0.3.1810\/Chemistry\/IntegralData\/YAML\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">several benchmark samples molecules<\/a> using the to help programmers and chemist simulate molecules and chemical interactions. Some examples:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Beta-Carotine: this is a benchmark to study the most common form of carotene in plants and oxidative damage; an ideal candidate for singlet fission processes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C20: this benchmark studies C20 systems often used to calibrate various electron correlation effects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ozone: this benchmark to study quantum mechanical excited-state studies of the Ozone and an understanding its role in Earth atmosphere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Real-world chemistry modeling in NWChem<em>. <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/quantum\/user-guide\/libraries\/chemistry\/installation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The chemistry library interfaces with NWChem<\/a>, a high-performance computational chemistry software package. There are several ways to explore the interplay between NWChem and the Q# quantum chemistry library, including:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Try out the sample molecules listed above that have been generated by NWChem and are already a part of the Quantum Development Kit Samples.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use <a href=\"https:\/\/arrows.emsl.pnnl.gov\/api\/qsharp_chem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EMSL Arrows Builder for the Microsoft Quantum Development Kit<\/a> \u2013 a web-based frontend to NWChem \u2013 to generate new Broombridge-formatted molecular input files<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the <a href=\"https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/r\/nwchemorg\/nwchem-qc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Docker image<\/a>, provided by PNNL to run NWChem and generate your own molecule models<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You can learn more about the chemistry library by exploring the <a style=\"background-color: #ffffff;font-size: 1.4rem\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/quantum\/user-guide\/libraries\/chemistry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">documentation<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1.4rem\">, including a set of conceptual documentation to describe basic principles of quantum chemistry, its mapping to a quantum computer, and the API documentation.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, developers and chemists around the world can begin exploring the Microsoft Quantum Development Kit and experiencing the world of quantum computing.&nbsp; Resources such as the chemistry library will enable problem-solvers in the computational chemistry domain to explore the world of quantum. We\u2019re excited to help our growing community take another step toward the new world of quantum computing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Q# Microsoft Quantum Chemistry Library allows computational chemists using the Microsoft Quantum Development Kit to explore quantum algorithms without the need for a deep understanding of quantum physics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":811,"featured_media":2347,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"msxcm_post_with_no_image":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","_classifai_text_to_speech_error":"","footnotes":""},"post_tag":[],"product":[],"content-type":[1320],"coauthors":[11],"class_list":["post-2308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","content-type-news","review-flag-1593580413-139","review-flag-new-1593580245-904","review-flag-perce-1706214391-119"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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